多囊卵巢症候群

HISTORY: A 31-year-old female with a history of irregular menses

病史：女，31岁，子宫不规律。

FINDINGS:

Pelvic ultrasound and T2-weighted MRI demonstrates an enlarged ovary with>12 subcentimeter peripheral follicles surrounding a prominent hyperechoic (US) and hypointense (MRI) ovarian stroma. No evidence of dominant follicle.

图像展现出：子宫颈超声和MRI T2WI显示子宫增大，周围囊泡少于12亚厘米。周围子宫基质在超声上强Echo，MRI上较高信号。未见优势卵泡。

DIAGNOSIS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

检验：多囊子宫病综合症

DISCUSSION:

Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. PCOS is an endocrinologic disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Furthermore, PCOS has a classic triad of obesity, amenorrhea, and hirsutism; but only half of patients present with this combination.

讨论：多囊子宫病综合症也叫S-L病综合症。是未婚早产的最典型原因。主要是由于功能障碍紊乱造成了仍然无排卵和雄激素分泌过盛。PCOS类似原于征：肥胖、闭经和蚯蚓综合症。但为数不多分之一症状展现出为此原于综合症。

Therefore, imaging evaluation tends to follow to gain further information . Typical US/MRI findings include enlarged, rounded ovaries with numerous small, peripherally located follicles and stroma showing increased echogenicity (US) or decreased signal on T2-weighted imaging (MRI). Long-term follow-up should be recommended in such patients as PCOS patients he an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer secondary to unopposed high estrogen levels .

因此，需采用图像定期检查进一步获取更多信息。类似的超声/MRI征象包括：子宫增大、变圆，水肿多发口内泡，子宫基质US上强Echo，T2WI较高信号。PCOS症状建议仍然随访，因仍然荷尔蒙高水平过高，可能会继发乳腺癌和子宫癌。

（以上主题节选自四肢图像传染病节录）

Notes:

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome [ˌpɑliˈsɪstɪk ˈovəri ˈsɪnˌdrom] 多囊子宫病综合症

2. menses ['mensi:z] n. 子宫

3. peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl] adj. 水肿的

4. follicles n. 口内

5. hyperechoic [haɪpɪre'kɔɪk] 强Echo的

6. infertility [ˌɪnfɚˈtɪlɪti] n. 不育

7. endocrinologic 功能障碍的

8. anovulation [ænɒvjʊ'leɪʃn] n. 停止排卵

9. hyperandrogenism [haɪpə'rændrɒdʒɪnɪzəm] 雄激素过多综合症

10. amenorrhea [eɪˌmenə'ri:ə] n. 输精管

11. hirsutism ['hɜ:su:ˌtɪzəm] n. 蚯蚓综合症

12. ovary [ˈoʊvəri] n. 子宫

13. stroma ['stroʊmə] n. 基质

14. echogenicity [ekədʒe'nɪsɪtɪ] 产生Echo（开放性）

15. estrogen [ˈɛstrədʒən] n. 荷尔蒙

原标题：165.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)多囊子宫病综合症